Prostaglandin E2 and Your Life

Prostaglandin E2 and Your Life (revising)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin_E2#mediaviewer/File:Prostaglandin_E2.svg

Although Prostaglandin E2 starts your life by allowing a sperm to fertilize an egg (disabling the egg immunity), lets you get out of the uterus (uterine ripping for childbirth) and grows your body (stimulating your cell, brain, memory, and bone growth), it can end your life with infection, inflammation, fever, immune disorders and cancers. During your puberty, it lets you experience growing pains. After you pass puberty, you should reduce/adjust your cellular prostaglandin E2 release, so that it won't activate cancerous DNA for you.
Stress neurohormones norepinephrine and epinephrine can induce prostaglandin E2 release via stimulation of α₁- and α₂-noradrenergic receptors. It produces sympathetic nervous fire (火氣) in the brain and internal organs. It acts a warning sign of over-heating or excessive stress for your body.  The most common sign is gum inflammation or oral bad smell (liver and lungs overheating).
Prostaglandin E2 heats up the central brain temperature for fever.
During sexual arousal, prostaglandin E2 gives you sex headaches, interstitial cystitis (ic) symptoms,  unwanted discharge from the penis or the vagina, yeast infection, pain and inflammation in sex organs, premature orgasm, semen leakage and premature ejaculation.

References:

"Preoptic α₁- and α₂-noradrenergic agonists induce, respectively, PGE₂-independent and PGE₂-dependent hyperthermic responses in guinea pigs. "

Carlos Feleder , Vit Perlik , Clark M. Blatteis,  American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative PhysiologyPublished 1 June 2004Vol. 286no. R1156-R1166DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00486.2003

http://ajpregu.physiology.org/content/286/6/R1156

 

"Effect of norepinephrine and renal denervation on renal PGE2 and kallikrein in rats."

Diz DI, Baer PG, Nasjletti A. Am J Physiol. 1981 Nov;241(5):F477-81.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6946712

 

"Increased renal secretion of norepinephrine and prostaglandin E2 during sodium depletion in the dog." J A Oliver, J Pinto, R R Sciacca and P J Cannon, J Clin Invest. 1980;66(4):748–756. doi:10.1172/JCI109912.

http://www.jci.org/articles/view/109912/pdf

 

"Physiological concentrations of melatonin inhibit the norepinephrine-induced activation of prostaglandin E₂ and cyclic AMP production in rat hypothalamus: A mechanism involving inhibition of nitric oxide synthase", Ilham Bettahi¹, Juan M. Guerrero¹, Russel J. Reiter², Carmen Osuna^1,* Journal of Pineal Research, Volume 25, Issue 1, pages 34–40, August 1998

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-079X.1998.tb00383.x/abstract

 

"Role of the Prostaglandins in Norepinephrine Release during Augmented
Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity in the Dog" JUAN A. OLIVER, ROBERT R. SCIACCA, JOHN PINTO, AND PAUL J. CANNON, Circ Res 48: 835-843, 1981

http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/48/6/835.full.pdf

 

"Modulation of Norepinephrine Release from Sympathetic Neurons of the Rabbit Aorta by Prejunctional Prostanoid Receptors", TENNA JUUL JENSEN and OVE A. NEDERGAARD, JPET 291:7–11, 1999

http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/291/1/7.full.pdf

 

"Norepinephrine enhances the LPS-induced expression of COX-2 and secretion of PGE2 in primary rat microglia ", Johannes CM Schlachetzki1,2†, Bernd L Fiebich1*†, Elisabeth Haake1, Antonio CP de Oliveira1, Eduardo Candelario-Jalil3, Michael T Heneka4, Michael Hüll1*, BioMed Central Ltd. 2010

www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1742-2094-7-2.pdf‎

 

Effects of norepinephrine and other pharmacological agents on prostaglandin E₂ release by rabbit and bovine irides." Sardar Y.K. Yousufzai, Ata A. Abdel-Latif,

Experimental Eye Research, Volume 37, Issue 3, September 1983, Pages 279–292

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/001448358390163X

 

"Changes in the Hypothalamic Interaction between Norepinephrine and Prostaglandin E₂ during Sexual Maturation in Female Rats" Franchi A. · Gimeno M. · Szwarcfarb B. · Carbone S. · Rondina D. · Moguilevsky J.A

http://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/127008

 

"Diminished Prostaglandin-Mediated Inhibition of Norepinephrine Release from the Sympathetic Nerve Endings in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats", Kazushi Tsuda¹, Ichiro Nishio¹ and Yoshiaki Masuyama¹ , Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 1987, Vol. a9, No. 10 , Pages 1601-1614
http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/10641968709159005?journalCode=ceh

 

"The Effect of Prostaglandin E₂ and Indomethacin on the Placental Vascular Response to Norepinephrine" Anne Berssenbrugg, Debra Anderson, Terrance Phernetton, John H. G. Rankin, Exp Biol Med (Maywood) November 1978 vol. 159 no. 2 281-285http://ebm.sagepub.com/content/159/2/281.abstract

 

 

Prostagladnin E2 (PGE2) and cancer examples:

1. "Cancer-stimulated mesenchymal stem cells create a carcinoma stem cell niche via prostaglandin E2 signaling." - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22763855 ;
2. "Interleukin-17 and prostaglandin E2 are involved in formation of an M2 macrophage-dominant microenvironment in lung cancer." -http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3378786/pdf/nihms369069.pdf ;
3. "The role of the EP receptors for prostaglandin E2 in skin and skin cancer." -http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22012553 ;
4. "Prostaglandin E2 EP receptors as therapeutic targets in breast cancer." -http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22002714
Here is a simple, natural anti-PGE2 drug "Resolvin" : Omega-3 + Aspirin or water willow's salicin - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3186038/pdf/medrep-03-19.pdf; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolvin